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Yuan Lei's Little Knowledge | Differences between Light Calcium Carbonate and Heavy Calcium Carbonate (2)
According to different production methods of calcium carbonate, it can be divided into heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, colloidal calcium carbonate, and crystalline calcium carbonate. I have already understood some of the differences between light calcium and heavy calcium. Now let me continue to take you through the other differences between the two.
● Different particle shapes ●
When viewed under a high-power microscope, the particles of ordinary light calcium are relatively regular and usually form a spindle shape when fully dispersed. For lightweight calcium carbonate, the particle shape of the synthesized product can be artificially controlled by adding control agents during the carbonization process. The currently developed control agents include inorganic acids, inorganic bases, organic acids (amino acids), alcohols, sugars, proteins, and special structured biopolymers. For example, the amphiphilic block polymer PEG-b-PMAA can be used to produce rhombic, peanut shaped, rod-shaped, spherical, and dumbbell shaped carbonic acid at different concentrations and pH values. Additionally, the dendritic polymer polyaspartic acid can be used to produce helical shaped carbonic acid, For example, adding anionic dextran glycoside can obtain spherical calcium carbonate.
Due to the use of mechanical crushing and grading, the particle morphology of heavy calcium products is generally irregular, such as cubic, polygonal, and rectangular shapes. For different methods of processing heavy calcium, the microstructure of calcium carbonate varies. For example, the calcium carbonate processed by Raymond mill is spindle shaped, while the calcium carbonate processed by airflow mill is particle shaped.
● Different oil absorption values ●
The oil absorption value of light calcium carbonate is 60-90 ml/100mg, which is much greater than that of heavy calcium carbonate, which is 40-60 ml/100mg. Therefore, there is a significant difference in liquid absorption and resin performance. If the formula contains liquid additives, heavy calcium carbonate with low oil absorption should be selected. Inorganic powders with high oil absorption value will lead to an increase in the coupling dose that needs to be treated. If lightweight carbonate is selected in PVC formula, it will require more liquid additives and PVC trees to be consumed. Therefore, heavy calcium carbonate with low oil absorption value should be selected as much as possible from the perspective of oil absorption value.
● Different liquidity ●
From the perspective of flowability, the microstructure of lightweight calcium carbonate is spindle shaped, and its own oil absorption value is relatively large, which can absorb the components that promote flow in the formula, such as lubricants, plasticizers, coupling agents, dispersants, etc. Therefore, its flowability is not as good as that of heavy calcium carbonate. Generally, adding more than 25 parts seriously affects flowability, while heavy calcium carbonate is granular and can promote flowability, with an unlimited amount added, If more than 25 parts of calcium carbonate are added to the PVC pipe formula, it is best to choose heavy calcium carbonate from the perspective of flowability.
● Different pH values ●
The pH value of light calcium carbonate is 9-10, while the pH value of heavy calcium carbonate is 8-9, which means that the alkalinity of light calcium carbonate is stronger than that of heavy calcium carbonate. During the combustion process of calcium carbonate composite products, it is easier to absorb acidic decomposition gases. Therefore, the reason for the low toxicity gas in the incineration of calcium carbonate composite products is that the calcium carbonate itself exhibits alkalinity and can absorb acidic gases such as HCI and H2S generated by combustion, eliminating the hidden danger of acidic energy substances producing dioxins when encountering chlorine elements.
● Different modification functions ●
There are slight differences in the modification effects between heavy and light calcium carbonate. Heavy calcium carbonate has better tensile strength, while light calcium carbonate has better impact strength and rigidity. Generally, plastic surfaces with light calcium carbonate are smoother and have lower density; The use of heavy calcium plastic for processing has better flowability, and the performance of heavy calcium filled plastics with smaller particle sizes is also better.
2023-09-25
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Yuan Lei's Little Knowledge | Differences between Light Calcium Carbonate and Heavy Calcium Carbonate (1)
According to different production methods of calcium carbonate, it can be divided into heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, colloidal calcium carbonate, and crystalline calcium carbonate. Let me take you to understand the difference between heavy calcium carbonate and light calcium carbonate.
Heavy calcium carbonate
Heavy calcium carbonate, abbreviated as heavy calcium. Applied in industries such as coatings, paint, papermaking, construction, plastics, rubber, etc.
Light calcium carbonate
Light calcium is light calcium carbonate, also known as precipitated calcium carbonate, abbreviated as light calcium. It can be used as a filler in industries such as rubber, plastics, paper, coatings, and inks. Widely used in organic synthesis, metallurgy, glass and asbestos production.
difference
1. Different sources:
Light calcium carbonate: refers to the process of calcining limestone raw materials to generate lime and carbon dioxide, and then adding water to digest lime to generate lime milk. Its main component is calcium hydroxide, which is then added to carbonize the lime milk to generate calcium carbonate precipitation. It is obtained through dehydration, drying, and crushing, or through the double decomposition reaction of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride to generate calcium carbonate precipitation, which is then dehydrated, dried, and crushed.
Heavy calcium carbonate: It is obtained by directly crushing natural calcite, marble, chalk, shells, etc. using mechanical methods.
2. Different stacking densities
The most obvious difference between heavy calcium and light calcium lies in the different stacking densities of products. Heavy calcium products have a higher stacking density, generally ranging from 0.8 to 1.3g/cm3; The stacking density of light calcium products is relatively small, mostly ranging from 0.5 to 0.7g/cm3; The packaging volume of the product can also roughly distinguish between heavy calcium and light calcium products. Generally, heavy calcium products are mostly 25kg/bag, and the packaging volume of the product is relatively small, while light calcium products of the same quality have significantly larger packaging volume.
3. Different whiteness sizes
Due to the relatively high content of impurities in heavy calcium products, the whiteness of the product is generally 89% to 93%, with very few products reaching 95%. Light calcium products, due to chemical synthesis, remove many impurities and have a high purity. Therefore, their whiteness is mostly 92% -95%, and some products can reach 96% -97%. This is also the main reason why light calcium products are often used for filling high-end or light colored products.
4. Different moisture content
The moisture content of heavy calcium products is generally 0.2% to 0.3%, which is relatively low and stable. Some high-end heavy calcium products can even have a moisture content of about 0.1%. Ordinary light calcium products have a moisture content of 0.3% to 0.8%, and sometimes there may be some fluctuations that are not very stable. Traditionally, the distinction between heavy and light calcium is determined by measuring moisture content using a moisture meter. Moisture levels as high as nearly 1% are considered light calcium, while those below 0.1% are considered heavy calcium.
5. Different particle sizes
The particle size of heavy calcium products varies from 0.5 to 45um, and the product particle size varies depending on the grinding equipment. The particle size of ordinary light calcium products is generally 0.5-15um, but due to the spindle shape of the particles, it is difficult to accurately measure, which is generally within a range; The nano calcium carbonate particles in light calcium have a finer size, typically ranging from 20 to 200nm. The particle size of ordinary lightweight calcium carbonate is generally around 2500 mesh, which can meet the performance needs of PVC pipes and profiles. Therefore, considering the particle size, traditional PVC pipes and profiles have chosen lightweight calcium carbonate. Previously, due to limitations in crushing equipment, heavy calcium carbonate could not reach this fineness. Now, the particle size of heavy calcium carbonate can fully meet the needs, even finer than that of light calcium carbonate. Therefore, PVC pipes and profiles can now be used for both.
2023-09-22
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Yuan Lei Little Knowledge | Common Calcium Carbonate and Its Functional Characteristics in the Paper Industry
The papermaking industry is one of the largest markets for calcium carbonate. As an important papermaking filler and coating pigment, calcium carbonate has a rich source and a cheap price; Fine particles, high whiteness, can significantly improve the opacity of paper; Fast ink absorption speed, which can increase the ink absorption of paper; It can make the paper relatively soft, tight, and high in glossiness; The impact on the physical strength of paper is relatively small.
At present, the commonly used types of calcium carbonate in the papermaking industry include heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, nano calcium carbonate, mixed calcium carbonate, modified calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whiskers, slurry calcium carbonate, etc.
01 Heavy calcium carbonate
As a paper filler, heavy calcium carbonate has a relatively high amount of addition, which has little impact on paper strength and sizing effect, and has good paper making performance. The disadvantage is that the whiteness and opacity of the paper are slightly poor, and dispersants need to be added.
Heavy calcium carbonate is mainly used as a filler in printing paper, writing paper, office paper, and advertising paper, except for cigarette paper, filter paper, and special low quantity information paper.
02 Light calcium carbonate
Lightweight calcium carbonate as a paper filler can increase the opacity of the paper, reduce paper machine wear, and do not require the addition of dispersants. The disadvantage is that the specific surface area is large, which is detrimental to the adhesive application effect; Strong water retention is not conducive to increasing the speed of the paper machine.
03 Nano calcium carbonate
After adding nano calcium carbonate fillers in the papermaking process, the paper has the following characteristics: it can slow down the aging of the paper and allow it to be stored for a longer time; Enable the paper to absorb a certain amount of ultraviolet radiation; Make the paper less prone to yellowing and brittleness, and have good isolation performance.
The use of nano calcium carbonate as a coating pigment in papermaking is beneficial for improving the glossiness, whiteness, and color phase of the coating paper; It can ensure the purity of white pigment color; Beneficial to improving the optical properties of paper, such as opacity, gloss, and printing glossiness; Capable of changing the rheological properties of coating preparation fluids; Realize the functionalization of coating processing paper, such as insulation, conductivity, antibacterial properties, etc.
Nano calcium carbonate is commonly used as a papermaking filler in the production of special paper products, such as diapers, sanitary napkins, inkjet printing paper, paper towels, and breathable films.
04 Mixed calcium carbonate
When mixed calcium carbonate is used as a filler for printing paper, the paper has characteristics such as high brightness, good surface smoothness, high volume, high stiffness, and high tensile strength. When higher wet pressure is applied to paper containing mixed calcium carbonate, higher dryness can be achieved compared to paper containing GCC, significantly reducing drying energy, reducing greenhouse gases, and saving production costs for paper mills. Mixed calcium carbonate is more stable than pre set GCC (pGCC) under turbulent conditions in water. Due to the ability of HCC to provide paper with high volume, stiffness, and tensile strength without losing smoothness, HCC is expected to be applied in the development of high filling printing paper.
05 Modified calcium carbonate
Surface modification of calcium carbonate can endow it with excellent physical and chemical properties. For example, chitosan was used for organic membrane modification of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) using alkaline precipitation method. After modification, the filtration performance of the added slurry was slightly improved, and the solubility also changed. The tensile index of the added paper was significantly improved.
06 Calcium carbonate whiskers
Compared to nano calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whiskers are less likely to agglomerate and can more effectively enhance toughness and strength. Calcium carbonate whiskers have special columnar directionality, high whiteness and filling properties, and are arranged parallel and tightly on the surface of the original paper when used as fillers in papermaking. Therefore, compared to using granular calcium carbonate, it can provide better quality indicators for paper.
07 Slurry calcium carbonate
The use of slurry calcium carbonate has a stronger advantage over solid calcium. On the one hand, the slurry calcium has not undergone the drying process, that is, it has not undergone mechanical friction and collision, and fully retains the naturally formed crystal form, with a more consistent morphology and size. On the other hand, the slurry calcium has not under
2023-09-18
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Yuan Lei tells you the role of | barium sulfate in improving the powder rate of powder coating
First, control the powder particle size distribution, the narrower the better: reasonable control of the powder particle size (more difficult), in our actual production only adjust the speed of the main and secondary grinding ACM. The particle size of the powder is important 40-50UM is appropriate, and the distribution is as narrow as possible.
Second, improve the resin content: Increase the amount of resin to reduce the amount of filler, choose a resin with good electric performance, epoxy is better on the powder, some manufacturers polyester is not on the powder, some manufacturers polyester on the powder is more difficult (epoxy, polyester grinding into powder spray plate alone), friction spray gun spray the flow is obviously better than electrostatic gun, and friction gun can spray thicker coating, coating without the shortcomings of high pressure gun such as flower big orange peel phenomenon.
Third, reasonable selection of fillers: the fineness and dispersion of fillers are very related to the powder. The powder on the precipitation is higher than that of the general super-fine heavy barium, and the barium sulfate is better than that of calcium carbonate.
Fourth, increase the charging additives: add an appropriate amount of conductive additives in the formula (mechanism of action: can make the powder particles with more charge. There is a strong electric field in the area of the high-pressure electrostatic spray gun to the workpiece, and the air is ionized to produce hundreds of millions of ions, and the powder particles of the potentiator are polarized when they pass through this area, which can trap more negative ions and bring more charge. For the grooves and other parts of the dead Angle due to the weak Faraday effect power line, then with more charged powder particles can rely on their own power to reach the surface of the workpiece, thereby improving the powder on these parts.
2023-09-14
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